/* ============================================
   Michael M.C. Reardon — v2
   Bold. Modern. Black & white.
   ============================================ */

:root {
    --black: #000000;
    --near-black: #0a0a0a;
    --dark: #1a1a1a;
    --gray-900: #1d1d1f;
    --gray-700: #424245;
    --gray-500: #6e6e73;
    --gray-300: #a1a1a6;
    --gray-200: #d2d2d7;
    --gray-100: #e8e8ed;
    --gray-50:  #f5f5f7;
    --white: #ffffff;
    --accent: #ff3b30;       /* used sparingly — single point of color */
    --link: #2997ff;          /* Apple-blue */

    --font-display: 'Inter Tight', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    --font-body: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, 'SF Mono', Menlo, monospace;
}

*, *::before, *::after { margin:0; padding:0; box-sizing:border-box; }

html {
    font-size: 16px;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    background: var(--white);
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    color: var(--gray-900);
    background: var(--white);
    line-height: 1.5;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}

.link-blue {
    color: var(--link);
    font-weight: 500;
}
.link-blue:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* ============================================
   Navigation — Apple-style sticky thin bar
   ============================================ */

.nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
    z-index: 9999;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.72);
    backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    color: var(--white);
    transition: background 0.25s ease;
}

.nav-inner {
    max-width: 1024px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
    height: 48px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-logo {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--white);
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav-logo:hover { opacity: 0.85; }

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 2rem;
}
.nav-links a {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--white); opacity: 0.7; }

.nav-toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: 6px; }
.nav-toggle span { display: block; width: 22px; height: 2px; background: var(--white); margin: 4px 0; transition: transform 0.25s, opacity 0.25s; }

/* ============================================
   Section base
   ============================================ */

section { position: relative; }

.section-dark { background: var(--black); color: var(--white); }
.section-dark .eyebrow { color: var(--gray-300); }

.section-light { background: var(--white); color: var(--gray-900); }

.section-tint { background: var(--gray-50); color: var(--gray-900); }

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
}
.container-narrow { max-width: 900px; }
.container-tight { max-width: 720px; }

.eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.display-massive {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.04;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 7.5rem);
}
.display-large {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.06;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 6vw, 4.5rem);
}
.display-medium {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.1;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.6vw, 2.6rem);
}

.lede {
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.6vw, 1.35rem);
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    max-width: 40em;
}
.section-dark .lede { color: var(--gray-300); }

/* ============================================
   Hero
   ============================================ */

.hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    background: var(--black);
    color: var(--white);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 7rem 0 4rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
      radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 70% 20%, rgba(255,255,255,0.05), transparent 60%),
      radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 50% at 10% 90%, rgba(41,151,255,0.04), transparent 60%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-inner {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 0.85fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.7rem;
}
.hero-eyebrow::before {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    width: 30px; height: 1px;
    background: var(--gray-500);
}

.hero-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 7.5vw, 6.5rem);
    line-height: 0.98;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--white);
}
.hero-title .accent {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, #8a8a8e 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.hero-sub {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.55rem);
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    max-width: 32rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.hero-meta {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
.hero-meta strong { color: var(--white); font-weight: 500; }
.hero-meta .dot { color: var(--gray-700); margin: 0 0.5rem; }

.hero-cta {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.6rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-radius: 980px;
    border: 1px solid;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
    white-space: nowrap;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn-primary {
    background: var(--link);
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: var(--link);
}
.btn-primary:hover { background: #0084ff; border-color: #0084ff; }
.btn-ghost {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
}
.btn-ghost:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); }
.btn-dark {
    background: var(--gray-900);
    color: var(--white);
    border-color: var(--gray-900);
}
.btn-dark:hover { background: var(--black); border-color: var(--black); }
.btn-light {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--gray-900);
    border-color: var(--white);
}
.btn-light:hover { background: var(--gray-100); }

.btn .arrow { transition: transform 0.2s; }
.btn:hover .arrow { transform: translateX(3px); }

.hero-portrait {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow:
        0 30px 80px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.5),
        0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.05);
}
.hero-portrait::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 0%, transparent 70%, rgba(0,0,0,0.3) 100%);
    z-index: 1;
    pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-portrait img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center 30%;
}

/* ============================================
   Statement section — "One big idea"
   ============================================ */

.statement {
    padding: 12rem 0;
    background: var(--white);
    text-align: left;
}
.statement-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.statement-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 8vw, 6rem);
    line-height: 0.98;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--gray-900);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    max-width: 18ch;
}
.statement-title .gray {
    color: var(--gray-300);
}
.statement-title .accent {
    color: var(--accent);
}
.statement-body {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2vw, 1.7rem);
    line-height: 1.4;
    letter-spacing: -0.018em;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    font-weight: 400;
    max-width: 42rem;
}
.statement-body strong { color: var(--gray-900); font-weight: 600; }

/* ============================================
   PhD detail card (under About statement)
   ============================================ */

.phd-detail {
    margin-top: 4rem;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border-radius: 18px;
    max-width: 60rem;
}
.phd-detail .venue-tag {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.phd-detail h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.2vw, 1.8rem);
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.phd-detail .phd-school {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.phd-detail .phd-fields {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.phd-detail .phd-dissertation {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.phd-detail .phd-committee {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    line-height: 1.7;
}
.phd-detail .phd-committee strong { color: var(--gray-900); font-weight: 600; }

/* ============================================
   Section header pattern
   ============================================ */

.section {
    padding: 8rem 0;
}

.section-header {
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
    max-width: 50rem;
}
.section-header .display-large {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* ============================================
   Specialties — big chip grid
   ============================================ */

.chips {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    max-width: 60rem;
}
.chip {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.4rem;
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--gray-900);
    border: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
    border-radius: 980px;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}
.chip:hover { background: var(--gray-900); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--gray-900); }

.section-dark .chip { background: var(--gray-900); color: var(--white); border-color: var(--gray-700); }
.section-dark .chip:hover { background: var(--white); color: var(--gray-900); border-color: var(--white); }

/* ============================================
   Book product reveal — Apple product-page style
   ============================================ */

.book-feature {
    padding: 8rem 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.book-feature + .book-feature {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-100);
}
.book-feature.book-dark { background: var(--black); color: var(--white); }
.book-feature.book-dark + .book-feature { border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.06); }

.book-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 5rem;
    align-items: center;
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
}
.book-grid.reverse .book-visual { order: 2; }
.book-grid.reverse .book-info { order: 1; }

.book-info .eyebrow { color: var(--gray-500); }
.book-dark .book-info .eyebrow { color: var(--gray-300); }

.book-info h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4.5vw, 3.6rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.book-info .book-sub {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.6vw, 1.4rem);
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}
.book-dark .book-info .book-sub { color: var(--gray-300); }

.book-info p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    max-width: 28rem;
}
.book-dark .book-info p { color: var(--gray-300); }

.book-quote {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 1.9vw, 1.6rem);
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    color: var(--gray-900);
    margin: 2rem 0 1rem;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
    max-width: 30rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.book-dark .book-quote { color: var(--white); }
.book-quote cite {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0;
}
.book-dark .book-quote cite { color: var(--gray-300); }

.book-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.book-visual {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 2 / 3;
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 30px 80px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.45),
                0 12px 30px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transform: rotate(-1deg);
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}
.book-feature:hover .book-visual { transform: rotate(0deg) translateY(-4px); }
.book-grid.reverse .book-visual { transform: rotate(1deg); }
.book-feature:hover .book-grid.reverse .book-visual { transform: rotate(0deg) translateY(-4px); }
.book-visual img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}
.book-dark .book-visual { box-shadow: 0 30px 80px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.7), 0 12px 30px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); }

.book-cover-text {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 3rem;
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    line-height: 1.15;
}
.book-cover-text .cover-eyebrow {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    display: block;
}
.book-cover-text .cover-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.book-cover-text .cover-author {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    opacity: 0.65;
}

/* ============================================
   Pull quote section
   ============================================ */

.pullquote {
    padding: 10rem 0;
    background: var(--black);
    color: var(--white);
    text-align: center;
}
.pullquote-mark {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 6rem;
    line-height: 0.5;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    user-select: none;
}
.pullquote-text {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.6vw, 3rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}
.pullquote-cite {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* ============================================
   Writing list — large list rows
   ============================================ */

.writing-list {
    margin-top: 3rem;
}
.writing-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr auto;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 1.75rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-100);
    align-items: baseline;
    transition: padding-left 0.25s ease;
}
.writing-row:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-100); }
.writing-row:hover { padding-left: 0.5rem; }

.writing-year {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.writing-content h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.5vw, 1.3rem);
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--gray-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.writing-content .venue {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    font-style: italic;
}
.writing-tag {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.writing-tag.tag-peer { color: var(--accent); }

/* ============================================
   Article carousel with cover thumbnails
   ============================================ */

.articles-carousel {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: visible;
    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
    padding: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
    /* allow shadow to show, breakout from container padding so cards can edge to viewport */
    margin: 0 -2rem;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    padding-right: 2rem;
}
.articles-carousel::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

.article-card {
    flex: 0 0 clamp(320px, 78vw, 760px);
    scroll-snap-align: start;
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border-radius: 22px;
    padding: 2.25rem 2.25rem 2rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 170px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
    transition: box-shadow 0.4s ease;
    align-self: start;
}
.article-card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 24px 60px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}

.article-cover {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 2 / 3;
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -14px rgba(0,0,0,0.4),
                0 6px 14px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    transform: rotate(-1.8deg);
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
    background: var(--gray-100);
}
.article-card:nth-child(even) .article-cover { transform: rotate(1.8deg); }
.article-card:hover .article-cover { transform: rotate(0) translateY(-3px); }
.article-cover img {
    width: 100%; height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.article-card .venue-tag {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.article-card .venue-tag.public { color: var(--gray-500); }
.article-card h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.2vw, 1.75rem);
    line-height: 1.18;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--gray-900);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Abstract clamp with fade */
.abstract-wrap {
    position: relative;
    max-height: 9em; /* ~5 lines at line-height 1.6, font-size 1.02rem */
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}
.abstract-wrap::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
    height: 4.5em;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(245,245,247,0) 0%, var(--gray-50) 85%);
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity 0.35s ease;
}
.article-card.expanded .abstract-wrap {
    max-height: 100em;
}
.article-card.expanded .abstract-wrap::after { opacity: 0; }
.article-card.no-clamp .abstract-wrap { max-height: none; }
.article-card.no-clamp .abstract-wrap::after { display: none; }
.article-card.no-clamp .read-more-btn { display: none; }

.article-card p.abstract {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    margin: 0;
}

.read-more-btn {
    margin-top: 1.1rem;
    background: none;
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}
.read-more-btn:hover { color: var(--gray-900); }
.read-more-btn::before { content: "Read More"; }
.article-card.expanded .read-more-btn::before { content: "Collapse"; }
.read-more-btn::after {
    content: "↓";
    transition: transform 0.3s;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}
.article-card.expanded .read-more-btn::after { transform: rotate(180deg); }

/* ============================================
   Generic horizontal scroll carousel
   ============================================ */

.scroll-carousel {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: visible;
    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
    padding: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
    margin: 0 -2rem;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    padding-right: 2rem;
}
.scroll-carousel::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

.scroll-card {
    flex: 0 0 clamp(280px, 60vw, 480px);
    scroll-snap-align: start;
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 2rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    transition: box-shadow 0.4s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
    align-self: stretch;
}
.scroll-card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 18px 50px -16px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}
.scroll-card .venue-tag {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.scroll-card .venue-tag.mute { color: var(--gray-500); }
.scroll-card h3, .scroll-card h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    color: var(--gray-900);
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.scroll-card h3 { font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.7vw, 1.35rem); }
.scroll-card h4 { font-size: 1.05rem; }
.scroll-card p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    margin: 0;
}
.scroll-card p + p { margin-top: 0.6rem; }
.scroll-card p.context {
    color: var(--gray-500);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
}
.scroll-card a.action {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--link);
    font-weight: 500;
}
.scroll-card a.action:hover { color: var(--gray-900); }

/* Dark variant — for use inside .section-dark */
.section-dark .scroll-card {
    background: var(--gray-900);
}
.section-dark .scroll-card h3,
.section-dark .scroll-card h4 { color: var(--white); }
.section-dark .scroll-card p { color: var(--gray-300); }
.section-dark .scroll-card .venue-tag.mute { color: var(--gray-500); }

/* Card size variants */
.scroll-card.size-sm { flex-basis: clamp(260px, 45vw, 360px); padding: 1.6rem; }
.scroll-card.size-lg { flex-basis: clamp(320px, 75vw, 640px); padding: 2.25rem; }

/* Optional: "year strip" for presentation cards */
.scroll-card .year-strip {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    color: var(--accent);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.section-dark .scroll-card .year-strip { color: var(--gold-pale, #f5e7c8); }

/* Carousel nav */
.carousel-controls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}
.carousel-progress {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}
.carousel-arrows {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}
.carousel-arrow {
    width: 44px; height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--gray-100);
    color: var(--gray-900);
    border: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, opacity 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}
.carousel-arrow:hover:not(:disabled) {
    background: var(--gray-900);
    color: var(--white);
}
.carousel-arrow:active:not(:disabled) { transform: scale(0.95); }
.carousel-arrow:disabled { opacity: 0.3; cursor: default; }
.carousel-arrow svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }

/* ============================================
   Video card — YouTube facade
   ============================================ */

.video-feature {
    border-radius: 18px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--gray-900);
    box-shadow: 0 30px 80px -30px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    cursor: pointer;
}
.video-feature .video-thumb,
.video-card .video-thumb {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--black);
}
.video-feature .video-thumb img,
.video-card .video-thumb img {
    width: 100%; height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), filter 0.4s ease;
    filter: brightness(0.92);
}
.video-feature:hover .video-thumb img,
.video-card:hover .video-thumb img {
    transform: scale(1.025);
    filter: brightness(1);
}
.video-feature .video-thumb::after,
.video-card .video-thumb::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 40%, rgba(0,0,0,0.45) 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
}
.play-button {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%; left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    width: 72px; height: 72px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, background 0.25s ease;
    z-index: 2;
}
.video-feature:hover .play-button,
.video-card:hover .play-button {
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.08);
    background: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
}
.play-button svg {
    width: 26px; height: 26px;
    margin-left: 4px;
    fill: var(--white);
}

.video-feature .video-info,
.video-card .video-info {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem 1.75rem;
}
.video-feature .video-info { padding: 2rem 2.5rem 2.5rem; }
.video-feature h3,
.video-card h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    color: var(--white);
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}
.video-feature h3 {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.5vw, 2.1rem);
}
.video-card h4 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.video-feature .source,
.video-card .source {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.video-feature p {
    color: var(--gray-300);
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    max-width: 50rem;
}
.video-feature p + p { margin-top: 1rem; }
.video-feature p.byline {
    color: var(--gray-500);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.video-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
}
.video-card {
    background: var(--gray-900);
    border-radius: 18px;
    overflow: hidden;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}
.video-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
}

/* Podcast (audio) card — no YouTube, click opens external */
.podcast-card { text-decoration: none; }
.podcast-thumb {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a1a1a 0%, #2a2a2c 100%);
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.podcast-thumb::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
      radial-gradient(circle at 30% 20%, rgba(255,59,48,0.25), transparent 50%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 80% 80%, rgba(41,151,255,0.12), transparent 55%);
    pointer-events: none;
}
.podcast-art {
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--white);
    z-index: 1;
    font-family: var(--font-display);
}
.podcast-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.podcast-title {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}
.podcast-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    color: var(--gray-500);
}

/* The iframe replaces the thumb when clicked */
.video-thumb.playing { background: transparent; }
.video-thumb.playing img,
.video-thumb.playing::after,
.video-thumb.playing .play-button { display: none; }
.video-thumb iframe {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%; height: 100%;
    border: 0;
}

/* ============================================
   Media cards (Apple Card style)
   ============================================ */

.cards-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
}
.media-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 2rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--gray-100);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 240px;
}
.section-dark .media-card {
    background: var(--gray-900);
    border-color: var(--gray-700);
}
.media-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}
.section-dark .media-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -12px rgba(0,0,0,0.6); }

.media-card .source {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.media-card h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.section-dark .media-card h4 { color: var(--white); }
.media-card p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    flex: 1;
}
.section-dark .media-card p { color: var(--gray-300); }

/* ============================================
   Institutions — split feature blocks
   ============================================ */

.inst-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}
.inst-grid-3 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .inst-grid-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
.inst-card {
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border-radius: 18px;
    padding: 3rem 2.5rem;
    transition: background 0.25s;
}
.inst-card.primary {
    background: var(--black);
    color: var(--white);
}
.inst-card:hover { background: var(--gray-100); }
.inst-card.primary:hover { background: var(--dark); }

.inst-card .role {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.inst-card.primary .role { color: var(--gray-300); }
.inst-card h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.2vw, 1.85rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.inst-card p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--gray-700);
}
.inst-card.primary p { color: var(--gray-300); }

/* ============================================
   Teaching grid
   ============================================ */

.teaching-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
}
.teaching-cluster .cluster-label {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.section-light .teaching-cluster .cluster-label { color: var(--gray-500); }

/* ============================================
   Awards timeline
   ============================================ */

.awards-list {
    list-style: none;
    counter-reset: award;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-100);
}
.awards-list li {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 140px 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-100);
    align-items: baseline;
    transition: padding-left 0.3s ease;
}
.awards-list li:hover { padding-left: 0.75rem; }
.award-year {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.award-body h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.6vw, 1.35rem);
    line-height: 1.25;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--gray-900);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.award-body p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
}

/* ============================================
   Service block (under roles)
   ============================================ */

.service-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: 2.5rem;
}
.service-grid h5 {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.service-grid ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}
.service-grid ul li {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--gray-700);
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .awards-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.4rem; }
}

/* ============================================
   Contact / CTA
   ============================================ */

.cta-block {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 9rem 0;
    background: var(--white);
}
.cta-block h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.cta-block p {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    max-width: 36rem;
    margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
}
.cta-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    max-width: 760px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: left;
}
.cta-grid > div {
    background: var(--gray-50);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
}
.cta-grid h5 {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.cta-grid a, .cta-grid p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--gray-900);
    word-break: break-word;
}

/* ============================================
   Footer
   ============================================ */

.footer {
    background: var(--black);
    color: var(--gray-500);
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-900);
}
.footer .footer-name {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.footer .footer-tag {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--gray-500);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.footer .footer-copy {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--gray-700);
}

/* Version switcher */
.version-switch {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 1.2rem;
    right: 1.2rem;
    z-index: 100;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.78);
    color: var(--white);
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    border-radius: 980px;
    padding: 0.4rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}
.version-switch a {
    padding: 0.4rem 0.9rem;
    border-radius: 980px;
    color: var(--gray-300);
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}
.version-switch a:hover { color: var(--white); }
.version-switch a.active { background: var(--white); color: var(--black); }

/* ============================================
   Scroll fade-up animation (Apple-style)
   ============================================ */

.reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(28px);
    transition: opacity 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), transform 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}
.reveal.in-view {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition: none; }
}

/* ============================================
   Responsive
   ============================================ */

@media (max-width: 720px) {
    .article-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
        padding: 1.75rem;
    }
    .article-cover {
        max-width: 130px;
        margin: 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .hero-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; }
    .hero-portrait { max-width: 22rem; margin: 0 auto; order: -1; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1.2; }

    .book-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3rem; }
    .book-grid.reverse .book-visual { order: -1; }
    .book-visual { max-width: 18rem; margin: 0 auto; }

    .inst-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .section { padding: 5rem 0; }
    .statement { padding: 7rem 0; }
    .pullquote { padding: 6rem 0; }
    .book-feature { padding: 5rem 0; }
    .cta-block { padding: 6rem 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .nav-toggle { display: block; }
    .nav-links {
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0; right: 0;
        background: rgba(0,0,0,0.92);
        backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
    }
    .nav-links.open { max-height: 24rem; }
    .nav-links li { width: 100%; }
    .nav-links a { display: block; padding: 1rem 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); }

    .writing-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.3rem; }
    .writing-row .writing-tag { justify-self: start; }

    .hero-cta .btn { flex: 1; justify-content: center; }
}